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Generalized Deterministic Identification For The DMC With Power Constraint

Stichworte:
Identification via channel, K-identification, deterministic codes

Kurzbeschreibung:
K-identification capacity of a DMC is derived.

Beschreibung

The student attempt to study the deterministic identification capacity

of a DMC subject to power constraint and generalize it for the K-identification.

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A Jupyter Notebook for Line Coding in Access Networks (LB)

Beschreibung

For the access network case, the spectrum of the transmit signal has to be adapted to the channel properties. This can either be achieved by choosing suitable transmit pulse shapes or by encoding the (redundancy free) source symbols [1].

The students task is to implement a demonstration of two line coding schemes in Python [2] (Jupyter Notebook) and visualize the results. Additionally, the student also has to arrange code and surrounding text, such that the content becomes self-explanatory.

[1] Skript "Physical Layer Methods“

[2] "Python in 30 minutes" (https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/tutorial)

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A Jupyter Notebook for Equalization Methods (LB)

Beschreibung

Depending on the channel properties, the receive signal in a communication system can be severely distorted, causing inter-symbol interference. To mitigate these interferences, several approaches for equalization can be taken [1].

The students task is to implement a demonstration of several equalization schemes in Python [2] (Jupyter Notebook) and visualize the results. Additionally, the student also has to arrange code and surrounding text, such that the content becomes self-explanatory.

[1] Skript "Physical Layer Methods“

[2] "Python in 30 minutes" (https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/tutorial)

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Computation of Identification Function Over Faulty Channels

Stichworte:
Identification via channels, identification function, complexity of distributive computing, one/two-way probabilistic communications

Beschreibung

Identification problem (Ahlswede and Dueck, 1989) over the Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) is linked to the communication complexity problem (one/two way communications) and interpreted in that context.

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Quasi-Linear Multiplexing in NFDM Systems with Purely Discrete Nonlinear Spectrum

Beschreibung

As the achievable rates of modern transmission systems seem to saturate, while the bandwidth demand is steadily growing, it is necessary to consider alternative approaches for fiber optic data transmission. In recent years, many publications have explored possibilities to overcome the phenomenon, commonly known as 'capacity crunch', by using the nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT).

In a special case of nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (NFDM) only discrete eigenvalues of the Zakharov-Shabat-system are used for multiplexing data streams in the nonlinear Fourier domain. While, at first, this seems appealing, because the resulting signal pulses are N-soliton breathers and thus are not affected by chromatic dispersion in the same way as e.g. wave division multiplexing (WDM) signals, the time-bandwidth product of such pulses is rather high when compared to pulses used in WDM systems. This results in a low modulation efficiency for such discrete nonlinear spectrum NFDM systems.

One possible option to increase the spectral efficiency of the previously mentioned NFDM systems is to extend the modulated linear frequency range by linearly multiplexing such NFDM signals in a WDM fashion. Since the transformations used in NFDM systems are quite involved, it is not clear what the analog of this in nonlinear domain would be.

The task of the student would be to first get familiar with the necessary preliminaries regarding NFDM systems. Subsequently, the simulation of the system described above has to be implemented (certain parts of the system will be made available to the student by the supervisor) and evaluated in terms of some performance metrics.

While specific literature will be recommended to the student over the course of the thesis, some basic literature discussing the 'capacity peak' of WDM modulated optical fiber systems [1] and the basics of the nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) [2-4], which is a central concept in NFDM systems, are given below. Note that, since NFDM is a very broad topic it is not necessary to fully understand every notion in [1-4]. Nonetheless, these publications give the reader a solid foundation for the further study of this topic.

[1] Essiambre, René-Jean, et al. "Capacity limits of optical fiber networks."

[2] Yousefi, Mansoor I., and Frank R. Kschischang. "Information transmission using the nonlinear Fourier transform, Part I: Mathematical tools."

[3] Yousefi, Mansoor I., and Frank R. Kschischang. "Information transmission using the nonlinear Fourier transform, Part II: Numerical methods."

[4] Yousefi, Mansoor I., and Frank R. Kschischang. "Information transmission using the nonlinear Fourier transform, Part III: Spectrum modulation."

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[identification] Implementation of identification with algebraic-geometry (Goppa) codes

Stichworte:
goppa algebraic geometry codes identification

Beschreibung

Identification is a communication scheme that allows rate doubly exponential in the blocklemght, with the tradeoff that identities cannot be decoded (as messages do) but can only be verified.

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42172
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42173

The double exponential growth presents various challenges in the finite regime: there are heavy computational costs introduced at the encoder and decoder and heavy trade-offs between the error and the codes sizes.

The ultimate goal is to find a fast, reliable implementation while still achieving large code sizes.

Identification codes can be achieved by first removing the errors from the channel with regular transmission channel coding, and then sending a challenge though the corrected channel. For every identity i, The channenge is generated by picking a random input m and computing the corresponding output T_i(m) using a function T_i that depends on the identity. The challenge is then the pair m,T_i(m) and the receiver wanting to verify an identity j will verify whether j=i by testing the challenge. This is done by recomputing the output with T_j and verifying whether T_j(m)= T_i(m). The errors are reduced by ensuring that the various functions collide on a small fraction of the possible inputs.

It turns out that choosing good sets of funtions {T_i} is the same as choosing error-correction codes {c_i} with large distance, where now each codeword c_i defines a function by mapping positions m (sometimes called code locators) to symbols c_im of the codeword.
We can thus construct identification codes by choosing error-correction codes where we are only interested in the performance of the error correction encoders (we are not interested in the error-correction decoder or error-correction codes).

Your task will be implementing identification with Goppa codes, aiming at the fastest implementation, and testing their performance in comparison to other current implementations. The reference articles for this implementation are:

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1056879
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1057344

For reference, our previous work on identification based on Reed-Solomon and Reed-Muller code can be found at

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07649
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06801
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.06372

The coding will be in Python/Sagemath.
The working language will be in English.

Environment: we collaborate with LTI. At LNT and LTI there is currently a lot of funding for research in identification. Therefore you will find a large group of people that might be available for discussion and collaboration.

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[identification] Implementation of identification with universal hash functions

Stichworte:
universal hash identification

Beschreibung

Identification is a communication scheme that allows rate doubly exponential in the blocklemght, with the tradeoff that identities cannot be decoded (as messages do) but can only be verified.

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42172
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42173

The double exponential growth presents various challenges in the finite regime: there are heavy computational costs introduced at the encoder and decoder and heavy trade-offs between the error and the codes sizes.

The ultimate goal is to find a fast, reliable implementation while still achieving large code sizes.

Identification codes can be achieved by first removing the errors from the channel with regular transmission channel coding, and then sending a challenge though the corrected channel. For every identity i, The channenge is generated by picking a random input m and computing the corresponding output T_i(m) using a function T_i that depends on the identity. The challenge is then the pair m,T_i(m) and the receiver wanting to verify an identity j will verify whether j=i by testing the challenge. This is done by recomputing the output with T_j and verifying whether T_j(m)= T_i(m). The errors are reduced by ensuring that the various functions collide on a small fraction of the possible inputs.

It turns out that choosing good sets of funtions {T_i} is the same as choosing error-correction codes {c_i} with large distance, where now each codeword c_i defines a function by mapping positions m (sometimes called code locators) to symbols c_im of the codeword.
We can thus construct identification codes by choosing error-correction codes where we are only interested in the performance of the error correction encoders (we are not interested in the error-correction decoder or error-correction codes).

Your task will be implementing the identification codes described in

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/782144

aiming at the fastest implementation, and testing their performance in comparison to other current implementations.

For reference, our previous work on identification based on Reed-Solomon and Reed-Muller code can be found at

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07649
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06801
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.06372

The coding will be in Python/Sagemath.
The working language will be in English.

Environment: we collaborate with LTI. At LNT and LTI there is currently a lot of funding for research in identification. Therefore you will find a large group of people that might be available for discussion and collaboration.

Betreuer:

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[identification] Implementation of identification with Polar codes

Stichworte:
polar codes identification

Beschreibung

Identification is a communication scheme that allows rate doubly exponential in the blocklemght, with the tradeoff that identities cannot be decoded (as messages do) but can only be verified.

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42172
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42173

The double exponential growth presents various challenges in the finite regime: there are heavy computational costs introduced at the encoder and decoder and heavy trade-offs between the error and the codes sizes.

The ultimate goal is to find a fast, reliable implementation while still achieving large code sizes.

Identification codes can be achieved by first removing the errors from the channel with regular transmission channel coding, and then sending a challenge though the corrected channel. For every identity i, The channenge is generated by picking a random input m and computing the corresponding output T_i(m) using a function T_i that depends on the identity. The challenge is then the pair m,T_i(m) and the receiver wanting to verify an identity j will verify whether j=i by testing the challenge. This is done by recomputing the output with T_j and verifying whether T_j(m)= T_i(m). The errors are reduced by ensuring that the various functions collide on a small fraction of the possible inputs.

It turns out that choosing good sets of funtions {T_i} is the same as choosing error-correction codes {c_i} with large distance, where now each codeword c_i defines a function by mapping positions m (sometimes called code locators) to symbols c_im of the codeword.
We can thus construct identification codes by choosing error-correction codes where we are only interested in the performance of the error correction encoders (we are not interested in the error-correction decoder or error-correction codes).

Your task will be implementing identification with polar codes, aiming at the fastest implementation, and testing their performance in comperison to other current implementations.

For reference, our previous work on identification based on Reed-Solomon and Reed-Muller code can be found at

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07649
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06801
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.06372

The coding will be in Python/Sagemath.
The working language will be in English.

Environment: we collaborate with LTI. At LNT and LTI there is currently a lot of funding for research in identification. Therefore you will find a large group of people that might be available for discussion and collaboration.

Betreuer:

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[identification] Applications of Identification Codes in V2X Communications

Beschreibung

As part of the NewCom Project, new communication paradigms are investigated from an experimental perspective in order to construct proof-of-concept implementations that demonstrate the theoretical results obtained for Post-Shannon Communication schemes. In particular, this MSc thesis focuses on Identification Codes and their integration into a simulation environment where vehicular networks are modelled.

For this, the master student will first conduct a review of the state-of-the-art use cases for identification in the scientific literature and in form of patents, with an emphasis on V2X communications. By using an open-source V2X implementation based on LDR’s Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) framework integrated with ns-3’s implementation of the ITS-G5 and LTE standards and conducting simulation in specific scenarios, the student will gain a first impression of the performance of the system using traditional transmission schemes. The integration of existing implementation of identification codes culminates this thesis, where KPIs will be defined in order to compare the advantages of using identification instead of transmission in the context of V2X communications.

Voraussetzungen

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[identification] Simulation and performance improvement of identification codes

Beschreibung

Identification is a communication scheme that allows rate doubly exponential in the blocklemght, with the tradeoff that identities cannot be decoded (as messages do) but can only be verified.

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42172
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42173

The double exponential growth presents various challenges in the finite regime: there are heavy computational costs introduced at the encoder and decoder and heavy trade-offs between the error and the codes sizes.

The ultimate goal is to find a fast, reliable implementation while still achieving large code sizes.

Identification codes can be achieved by first removing the errors from the channel with regular transmission channel coding, and then sending a challenge though the corrected channel. For every identity i, The channenge is generated by picking a random input m and computing the corresponding output T_i(m) using a function T_i that depends on the identity. The challenge is then the pair m,T_i(m) and the receiver wanting to verify an identity j will verify whether j=i by testing the challenge. This is done by recomputing the output with T_j and verifying whether T_j(m)= T_i(m). The errors are reduced by ensuring that the various functions collide on a small fraction of the possible inputs.

It turns out that choosing good sets of funtions {T_i} is the same as choosing error-correction codes {c_i} with large distance, where now each codeword c_i defines a function by mapping positions m (sometimes called code locators) to symbols c_im of the codeword.
We can thus construct identification codes by choosing error-correction codes where we are only interested in the performance of the error correction encoders (we are not interested in the error-correction decoder or error-correction codes).

Your task will be speeding up the current implementations based on Reed-Solomon and Reed-Muller codes:

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07649
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06801
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.06372

The coding will be in Python/Sagemath.
This work can accomodate multiple students.
The working language will be in English.

Environment: we collaborate with LTI. At LNT and LTI there is currently a lot of funding for research in identification. Therefore you will find a large group of people that might be available for discussion and collaboration.

Voraussetzungen

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[security] Practical implementation of physical-layer semantic security

Stichworte:
semantic, security, secrecy, programming, implementation

Beschreibung

The goal of this project is to implement in Python/Sagemath the security functions (at least one of four) described in https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.00983
Sagemath contains libraries for mosaics, BIBDs, etc, that can be used for the project.

Motivation:
There are various types of security definitions.
The mutual information based types, in increasing order of security requirement are

1. Weak secresy asks that the average mutual information of the eavesdropper I(M:E)/n goes to 0 for a uniform message M (average here means averaged over the blocklength n, an additional average over M is implicit in the mutual information)
2. Strong secrecy asks that the total mutual information I(M:E) goes to 0,
3. Semantic security asks that the total mutual informaiton I(M:E) goes to 0 for any distribution of the message M (and thus in particular for all distributions that pick any of two chosen messages with 1/2 probabilty)

Then there are the almost-equivalent respective indistiguishablity types  of security requirements (below |P-Q|_1 is the statistical distance and Exp_M is expectation value over M)

1. average indistinguishability 1/n Exp_M | P_{E|M} - P_E |_1 for a uniform message M goes to 0 (again average refers over the blocklegth n, clearly there is also the average over M)
2. total indistiguishability Exp_M | P_{E|M} - P_E |_1 for a uniform message M goes to 0
3. indistinguishability |P_{E|m} - P_{E|m'}|_1 for any two messages m and m' goes to 0.

Each of the indistiguishabilities can also be written using KL digvergence instead of statistical distance, in which case the conditions are exactly equivalent to their mutual information versions.

Strong secrecy is the standard security requirement considered in information-theoretic security, while semantic security is the minimum requirement considered in computational security.
Information-theoretic (physical-layer) security differs from computational security in that the secrecy is guaranteed irrespective of the power of the adversary, while in computational security E is computationally bounded. Computational security also assumes that the message is at least of a certain length for the schemes to work, and thus if the message to be secured is too small it needs to be padded to a larger message.

In practice, information theoretic security is expensive, because the messages that can be secured can be only as long as the keys that can be generated. However, in identification only a very small part of the message needs to be secured, which in computational security triggers padding and thus waste, but on the other side makes information-theoretic security accessible and not so expensive.

At the same time, the security of identification implicitly requires semantic security. It has been known for a while that hash functions provide information-theoretic strong secrecy. However, because the standard for information-theoretic security has been strong secrecy, before https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.00983 no efficient functions where known to provide information-theoretic semantic security.
We need an implementation of these type of functions so that we can integrate information-theoretic security into our identification project.

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[quantum] Realignment criterion and upper bounds in device-independent QKD

Beschreibung

This paper uses the partial transpose as a tool to derive upper bounds on device-independent QKD
https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.13511
In this project the goal is to try to generalize the above to the other tools like the reallignment criterion:
https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0205017
https://arxiv.org/abs/0802.2019

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[quantum] Semantic security of infinite-dimensional classical-quantum channels

Beschreibung

Generalize semantic security of classical-quantum channels to infinite dimensional channel (not necessarily gaussian)

• [1] finite dimensional classical-quantum case
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.05719
• finite and infinite dimensional classical case
  https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.07798
• [this subpoint can be a project by itself] the finite dimesional case needs to be recast into smooth-max information (instead than Lemma 5.7 of [1]) as the classical case does, this paper proves properties of the smooth-max-inf in finite dimension that we would need for that
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.05719
• papers regarding the capacity for infinite dimensional channels
  http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9912067v1
  http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0408009v3
  http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0408176v1

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[quantum] Asymptotic continuity of restricted quantum relative entropies under general channels

Stichworte:
quantum, relative entropy, Pinsker, reverse, inequality, information thoery, asymptotic, continuity

Beschreibung

Asypmtotic continuity is a property in the form of inequalities (classically known also as inequalities of the reverse-Pinker type) that is necessary to prove upper bounds on operational capacities.

The (quantum) relative entropy (also known as quantum divergence and classically also known as Kullbackt-Leibler divergence), can be used to define various entanglment measures many of which have a proven asymptotic continuity.

Of particular interest are the restricted quantum relative entropies defined by Marco Piani (https://arxiv.org/abs/0904.2705), many of which satisfy asymptotic continuity (A.S.)

• https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9910002
• https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0203107
• https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0507126
• https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.3181
• https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.07775
• https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.09047

In the above there are maybe 2-3 different proof styles.
We can group the results in the above as follows:

• A.S. for entropy, conditional entropies, mutual information, conditional mutual information
• A.S. for relative entropies with infimum over states on the second argument
• A.S. relative entropies with infimum over state *and maximization over measurement channels*

The goal of the project is to generalize the last case to asymptotic continuity for relative entropies with infimum over state and maximization over *general* channels.

• Partial results toward this goal can be found in the appendix of my PhD thesis: http://web.math.ku.dk/noter/filer/phd18rf.pdf
• Such a result would have immediate applications to this paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02861

Possible new proof directions are

• using Renyi α-realtive entropies with the limit α->1
• using Kim's operator inequality from
  https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.5190
  to get an operator inequality looking like a reverse strong subadditivity (see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3-xI1u1Y2s for a good overview and in particular at minute 31:20 for the reverse SSA)

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[quantum] Practical protocols for quantum synchronization in classical network

Stichworte:
quantum, network, synchronization

Beschreibung

relevant papers
https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.6043
https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.5944
https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.6045
https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.05876
https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.6357
background papers
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7509657

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[quantum] Entanglement-measures upper bounds on device-independent distillable key

Stichworte:
quantum, qkd, entanglement

Beschreibung

The goal of this work is to try to upper bound the device-independent distillable key in terms of locally restricted relative entropy of entanglement (an entanglement measure).

The following are relevant works/articles

• works toward even *a definition* of device independent distillable key
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.13511
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.12325
  https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.05627
• works relating distillable entanglement and distillable key to locally restricted relative entropy measures
  https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.04696
  https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.5927
• the first definition of restricted relative entropies
  https://arxiv.org/abs/0904.2705
• important properties of restricted relative entropies, and some overview of entanglement measures
  https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.3181
• my PhD thesis
  http://web.math.ku.dk/noter/filer/phd18rf.pdf

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Explicit Construction of Deterministic Identification Codes

Stichworte:
Identification via channels, identification codes,

Beschreibung

In this thesis, the student after studying deterministic identification will construct the explicit codes for certain channels.

Voraussetzungen

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Group testing techniques based on sparse graphs for large-scale population screening

Beschreibung

Group testing is a combinatorial technique (developed by R. Dorfman in 1943) which allows to detect infected individuals by running “pooled” tests on (blood) samples. More specifically, by merging the samples of a subset of individuals into a pool, a test is carried out to verify the positivity (or negativity) of the pool. By repeating the test on different subsets, it is eventually possible to detect the individuals carrying the infection, possibly with very few tests compared with the test population. The approach is currently scouted to speed-up the testing in the context of the COVID-19  pandemic (see https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02053-6 and [1-2]). The technique admits a description which shares several similarities with the syndrome-based error correction problem via linear block codes. It is not a surprise that major contributions in the area of group testing have been given by coding and information theorists.

The scope of the thesis is to investigate the adoption of capacity-approaching codes based on sparse graphs (e.g., low-density parity-check codes) to attack the group testing problem. The use of sparse-graph codes for this purpose has been already envisaged in [3-4]. In this work, we will address the design of adaptive/non-adaptive and quantitative/non-quantitative group testing techniques based on sparse graphs, under various detection algorithms (belief propagation, as well as combinatorial orthogonal matching pursuit).

[1] Mutesa, Leon, et al. "A strategy for finding people infected with SARS-CoV-2: optimizing pooled testing at low prevalence." arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.14934 (2020). [2] Narayanan, Krishna R., Anoosheh Heidarzadeh, and Ramanan Laxminarayan. "On Accelerated Testing for COVID-19 Using Group Testing." arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.04785(2020). [3] K. Lee, R. Pedarsani and K. Ramchandran, "SAFFRON: A fast, efficient, and robust framework for group testing based on sparse-graph codes," 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Barcelona, 2016  - available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.04485  [4] Aldridge, Matthew, Oliver Johnson, and Jonathan Scarlett. "Group testing: an information theory perspective,: NOW Published, 2020 - available at https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.06002.pdf

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[identification] Implementation of identification with algebraic-geometry (Goppa) codes

Stichworte:
goppa algebraic geometry codes identification

Beschreibung

Identification is a communication scheme that allows rate doubly exponential in the blocklemght, with the tradeoff that identities cannot be decoded (as messages do) but can only be verified.

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42172
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42173

The double exponential growth presents various challenges in the finite regime: there are heavy computational costs introduced at the encoder and decoder and heavy trade-offs between the error and the codes sizes.

The ultimate goal is to find a fast, reliable implementation while still achieving large code sizes.

Identification codes can be achieved by first removing the errors from the channel with regular transmission channel coding, and then sending a challenge though the corrected channel. For every identity i, The channenge is generated by picking a random input m and computing the corresponding output T_i(m) using a function T_i that depends on the identity. The challenge is then the pair m,T_i(m) and the receiver wanting to verify an identity j will verify whether j=i by testing the challenge. This is done by recomputing the output with T_j and verifying whether T_j(m)= T_i(m). The errors are reduced by ensuring that the various functions collide on a small fraction of the possible inputs.

It turns out that choosing good sets of funtions {T_i} is the same as choosing error-correction codes {c_i} with large distance, where now each codeword c_i defines a function by mapping positions m (sometimes called code locators) to symbols c_im of the codeword.
We can thus construct identification codes by choosing error-correction codes where we are only interested in the performance of the error correction encoders (we are not interested in the error-correction decoder or error-correction codes).

Your task will be implementing identification with Goppa codes, aiming at the fastest implementation, and testing their performance in comparison to other current implementations. The reference articles for this implementation are:

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1056879
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1057344

For reference, our previous work on identification based on Reed-Solomon and Reed-Muller code can be found at

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07649
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06801
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.06372

The coding will be in Python/Sagemath.
The working language will be in English.

Environment: we collaborate with LTI. At LNT and LTI there is currently a lot of funding for research in identification. Therefore you will find a large group of people that might be available for discussion and collaboration.

Betreuer:

• Diese Seite als PDF öffnen.

[identification] Implementation of identification with universal hash functions

Stichworte:
universal hash identification

Beschreibung

Identification is a communication scheme that allows rate doubly exponential in the blocklemght, with the tradeoff that identities cannot be decoded (as messages do) but can only be verified.

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42172
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42173

The double exponential growth presents various challenges in the finite regime: there are heavy computational costs introduced at the encoder and decoder and heavy trade-offs between the error and the codes sizes.

The ultimate goal is to find a fast, reliable implementation while still achieving large code sizes.

Identification codes can be achieved by first removing the errors from the channel with regular transmission channel coding, and then sending a challenge though the corrected channel. For every identity i, The channenge is generated by picking a random input m and computing the corresponding output T_i(m) using a function T_i that depends on the identity. The challenge is then the pair m,T_i(m) and the receiver wanting to verify an identity j will verify whether j=i by testing the challenge. This is done by recomputing the output with T_j and verifying whether T_j(m)= T_i(m). The errors are reduced by ensuring that the various functions collide on a small fraction of the possible inputs.

It turns out that choosing good sets of funtions {T_i} is the same as choosing error-correction codes {c_i} with large distance, where now each codeword c_i defines a function by mapping positions m (sometimes called code locators) to symbols c_im of the codeword.
We can thus construct identification codes by choosing error-correction codes where we are only interested in the performance of the error correction encoders (we are not interested in the error-correction decoder or error-correction codes).

Your task will be implementing the identification codes described in

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/782144

aiming at the fastest implementation, and testing their performance in comparison to other current implementations.

For reference, our previous work on identification based on Reed-Solomon and Reed-Muller code can be found at

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07649
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06801
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.06372

The coding will be in Python/Sagemath.
The working language will be in English.

Environment: we collaborate with LTI. At LNT and LTI there is currently a lot of funding for research in identification. Therefore you will find a large group of people that might be available for discussion and collaboration.

Betreuer:

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[identification] Implementation of identification with Polar codes

Stichworte:
polar codes identification

Beschreibung

Identification is a communication scheme that allows rate doubly exponential in the blocklemght, with the tradeoff that identities cannot be decoded (as messages do) but can only be verified.

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42172
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42173

The double exponential growth presents various challenges in the finite regime: there are heavy computational costs introduced at the encoder and decoder and heavy trade-offs between the error and the codes sizes.

The ultimate goal is to find a fast, reliable implementation while still achieving large code sizes.

Identification codes can be achieved by first removing the errors from the channel with regular transmission channel coding, and then sending a challenge though the corrected channel. For every identity i, The channenge is generated by picking a random input m and computing the corresponding output T_i(m) using a function T_i that depends on the identity. The challenge is then the pair m,T_i(m) and the receiver wanting to verify an identity j will verify whether j=i by testing the challenge. This is done by recomputing the output with T_j and verifying whether T_j(m)= T_i(m). The errors are reduced by ensuring that the various functions collide on a small fraction of the possible inputs.

It turns out that choosing good sets of funtions {T_i} is the same as choosing error-correction codes {c_i} with large distance, where now each codeword c_i defines a function by mapping positions m (sometimes called code locators) to symbols c_im of the codeword.
We can thus construct identification codes by choosing error-correction codes where we are only interested in the performance of the error correction encoders (we are not interested in the error-correction decoder or error-correction codes).

Your task will be implementing identification with polar codes, aiming at the fastest implementation, and testing their performance in comperison to other current implementations.

For reference, our previous work on identification based on Reed-Solomon and Reed-Muller code can be found at

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07649
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06801
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.06372

The coding will be in Python/Sagemath.
The working language will be in English.

Environment: we collaborate with LTI. At LNT and LTI there is currently a lot of funding for research in identification. Therefore you will find a large group of people that might be available for discussion and collaboration.

Betreuer:

• Diese Seite als PDF öffnen.

[identification] Simulation and performance improvement of identification codes

Beschreibung

Identification is a communication scheme that allows rate doubly exponential in the blocklemght, with the tradeoff that identities cannot be decoded (as messages do) but can only be verified.

• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42172
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/42173

The double exponential growth presents various challenges in the finite regime: there are heavy computational costs introduced at the encoder and decoder and heavy trade-offs between the error and the codes sizes.

The ultimate goal is to find a fast, reliable implementation while still achieving large code sizes.

Identification codes can be achieved by first removing the errors from the channel with regular transmission channel coding, and then sending a challenge though the corrected channel. For every identity i, The channenge is generated by picking a random input m and computing the corresponding output T_i(m) using a function T_i that depends on the identity. The challenge is then the pair m,T_i(m) and the receiver wanting to verify an identity j will verify whether j=i by testing the challenge. This is done by recomputing the output with T_j and verifying whether T_j(m)= T_i(m). The errors are reduced by ensuring that the various functions collide on a small fraction of the possible inputs.

It turns out that choosing good sets of funtions {T_i} is the same as choosing error-correction codes {c_i} with large distance, where now each codeword c_i defines a function by mapping positions m (sometimes called code locators) to symbols c_im of the codeword.
We can thus construct identification codes by choosing error-correction codes where we are only interested in the performance of the error correction encoders (we are not interested in the error-correction decoder or error-correction codes).

Your task will be speeding up the current implementations based on Reed-Solomon and Reed-Muller codes:

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07649
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06801
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.06372

The coding will be in Python/Sagemath.
This work can accomodate multiple students.
The working language will be in English.

Environment: we collaborate with LTI. At LNT and LTI there is currently a lot of funding for research in identification. Therefore you will find a large group of people that might be available for discussion and collaboration.

Voraussetzungen

Betreuer:

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[quantum] Realignment criterion and upper bounds in device-independent QKD

Beschreibung

This paper uses the partial transpose as a tool to derive upper bounds on device-independent QKD
https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.13511
In this project the goal is to try to generalize the above to the other tools like the reallignment criterion:
https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0205017
https://arxiv.org/abs/0802.2019

Voraussetzungen

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Decoding of product codes

Beschreibung

The task of the student is to implement iterative decoding of product codes.

Voraussetzungen

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BCJR Algorithm

Beschreibung

The task of the student would be to implement the Bahl, Cocke, Jelinek and Raviv (BCJR) algorithm for linear block codes and comvolutional codes

Voraussetzungen

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Identification Codes via Prime Numbers

Stichworte:
Identification via channels, Prime Number Encryption

Kurzbeschreibung:
An approach for construction of identification codes for noiseless channel by means of the prime number encryption would be studied.

Beschreibung

In original scheme of identificaion via channels (Ahlswede and Dueck, 1989), a non-constructive method for coding for noiseless channel was studied. To address the explicit construction of identificaion codes, foremost Ahlswede and Verboven, 1991 provide a number theoretic approach based on the two successive prime number encryption. This method require the knowledge of first 2^n prime numbers for a block-length of n codeword. In this research internship, this method along with related prime number encryption tools and theorems would be investigated. Further, the extension of this scheme to a general DMC will be analyzed.

Voraussetzungen

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On the Equivalence of Identification and Authentication

Stichworte:
Identification via channel, identification codes, authentication, authentication codes

Kurzbeschreibung:
A Certain equivalence of identification and authentication would be shown.

Beschreibung

It would be shown that under suitable formulations (preserving all salient features) the two problem of Identification (Ahlswede and Dueck, 1989) and Authentication (Simmons, G. J. 1984) are in essence very close to each other. This equivalency was conjectured first by M. S. Pinsker. In this research internship the student is expected to address this conjecture. Both problems must be studied separately and then the similar essence of them should be drawn out. In particular the identification codes and authentication codes along with theire relation will be investigated.

Voraussetzungen

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Analysis of Criss-Cross Deletion in Arrays

Beschreibung

yle="font-weight: normal;" lang="de-DE" align="left">In this project we study two dimensional deletion/insertion problem introduced in https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.14740.pdf. An array of n rows and n columns is transmitted through a specific deletion channel which for example occurs in DNA storage systems and racetrack memories. After transmission the receiver observes an array of dimension (n-1)*(n-1). The goal is to allow the receiver to know exactly which n*n array was transmitted by using error-correction techniques.

The goal of the project is to derive bounds on the deletion ball of any two-dimensional array. A deletion ball of an array X is the set of unique arrays resulting from the deletion of any possible combination of a column and a row in X. Deriving such bounds is not trivial since it depends heavily on the structure of the array. Thus, it is important to investigate useful characteristics representing the structure of an array for this particular setting. Furthermore, having this bound will be helpful to characterize the optimal redundancy of a deletion-correcting code for this setting.

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Investigation of polar and Reed-Muller codes under inactivation decoding for distributed computing

Beschreibung

Recently, channel codes are proposed to speed up computation in distributed systems by introducing redundant calculations to avoid the latency due to, e.g., straggling nodes (see, e.g., [1]). Since this problem can be casted as coding for erasure channels (where the erasure probability itself might be a random variable), there are works using inactivation decoding, an efficient way of implementing Gaussian elimination, for this problem [2]. In this internship, the task of the student is to understand the advantages of polar codes under successive cancellation (SC) decoding [3] and investigate polar codes and their variants, e.g., Reed-Muller codes, under an inactivation decoder [4] to understand their performance compared to the existing works, e.g., [2].

[1] https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.02673.pdf

[2] https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.08230.pdf

[3] https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.06811.pdf

[4] https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05969

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A Jupyter Notebook for Line Coding in Access Networks (LB)

Beschreibung

For the access network case, the spectrum of the transmit signal has to be adapted to the channel properties. This can either be achieved by choosing suitable transmit pulse shapes or by encoding the (redundancy free) source symbols [1].

The students task is to implement a demonstration of two line coding schemes in Python [2] (Jupyter Notebook) and visualize the results. Additionally, the student also has to arrange code and surrounding text, such that the content becomes self-explanatory.

[1] Skript "Physical Layer Methods“

[2] "Python in 30 minutes" (https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/tutorial)

Voraussetzungen

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A Jupyter Notebook for Equalization Methods (LB)

Beschreibung

Depending on the channel properties, the receive signal in a communication system can be severely distorted, causing inter-symbol interference. To mitigate these interferences, several approaches for equalization can be taken [1].

The students task is to implement a demonstration of several equalization schemes in Python [2] (Jupyter Notebook) and visualize the results. Additionally, the student also has to arrange code and surrounding text, such that the content becomes self-explanatory.

[1] Skript "Physical Layer Methods“

[2] "Python in 30 minutes" (https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/tutorial)

Voraussetzungen

Betreuer: